Aneurysm

Definition

Definition of Aneurysm
An aneurysm or aneurism is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. Aneurysms can commonly occur in arteries at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis) and an aortic aneurysm occurs in the main artery carrying blood from the left ventricle of the heart. When the size of an aneurysm increases, there is a significant risk of rupture, resulting in severe hemorrhage, other complications or death. Aneurysms can be hereditary or caused by disease, both of which cause the wall of the blood vessel to weaken.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Aneurysm
The symptoms depend on the location of the aneurysm. If the aneurysm occurs near the body's surface, pain and swelling with a throbbing mass is often seen.

Aneurysms within the body or brain often cause no symptoms.

If an aneurysm ruptures, pain, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and lightheadedness may occur. The risk of death after a rupture is high.

Causes

Causes of Aneurysm
It is not clear exactly what causes aneurysms. Some aneurysms are present at birth (congenital). Defects in some of the parts of the artery wall may be responsible.

Common locations for aneurysms include:

1. The major artery from the heart (the aorta)
2. The brain (cerebral aneurysm)
3. In the leg behind the knee popliteal artery aneurysm)
4. Intestine (mesenteric artery aneurysm)
5. An artery in the spleen (splenic artery aneurysm)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Aneurysm
The health care provider will perform a physical exam.

Tests used to diagnose an aneurysm include:

1. CT scan
2. Ultrasound

Treatment

Treatment of Aneurysm
Surgery is generally recommended. The type of surgery and when you need it depends on your symptoms and the size and type of aneurysm.

Some patients may have endovascular stent repair. A stent is a tiny tube used to prop open a vessel or reinforce it's wall. This procedure can be done without a major cut, so you recover faster than you would with open surgery. Not all patients with aneurysms are candidates for stenting, however. See: Endovascular embolization

Prognosis

Prognosis of Aneurysm
With successful surgical repair, the outlook is often excellent.

Prevention

Prevention of Aneurysm
Control of high blood pressure may help prevent some aneurysms. Following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and keeping your cholesterol at a healthy level may also help prevent aneurysms or their complications.