Bothriocephalosis

Definition

Definition of Bothriocephalosis
Bothriocephalosis (also known as Diphyllobothriasis) is an infection with an intestinal parasite. The parasite is a fish tapeworm known as Diphyllobothrium latum. Human infection is caused by eating undercooked fish contaminated with the bacteria. Adult tapeworms may infect humans, felines, canids, pinnipeds, bears, and mustelids, though the accuracy of the records for some of the nonhuman species is disputed. Immature eggs are passed in the feces of the mammal host (the definitive host, where the worms reproduce).

Symptoms

Symptoms of Bothriocephalosis
The list of signs and symptoms for Bothriocephalosis listed below:

1. Nausea
2. Abdominal pain
3. Reduced appetite
4. Anemia
5. Vitamin B12 deficiency

Causes

Causes of Bothriocephalosis
Inheritance of Bothriocephalosis refers to whether the condition is inherited from your parents or "runs" in families. The level of inheritance of a condition depends on how important genetics are to the disease. Strongly genetic diseases are usually inherited, partially genetic diseases are sometimes inherited, and non-genetic diseases are not inherited.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Bothriocephalosis
Microscopic identification of eggs found in the stool is the basis of specific diagnosis. Eggs are typically numerous and can be demonstrated without concentration techniques. Examination of proglottids passed in the stool can also be of diagnostic value. Diagnostic tools include microscopy and morphologic comparison with other intestinal parasites. Though it is hard to identify the eggs or proglottids to the species level, the difference among them is of little medical importance because, like most adult tapeworms in the intestine, all members of this genus respond to the same drugs.

Treatment

Treatment of Bothriocephalosis
Praziquantel and niclosamide are historical treatments that should no longer be used as first line of therapy in developed countries because they result in destruction and disintegration of the worm which may make it impossible to confirm that the scolex (or head of the worm) has been passed, which is the only way to confirm cure. Praziquantel or niclosamide should only be given out in situations when endoscopy is not available or is not possible. The preferred treatment for all tapeworm infections is injection of diatrizoic acid into the duodenum, which causes the worm to detach itself and be passed whole.

Prognosis

Prognosis of Bothriocephalosis
Consult with your doctor.

Prevention

Prevention of Bothriocephalosis
Consult with your doctor.